assume, presume, suppose, guess, postulate

動(dòng)詞 presume:

1. take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof
   同義詞：assume, take for granted
2. take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission
   同義詞：make bold, dare
3. constitute reasonable evidence for
4. take liberties or act with too much confidence

1. May I presume to advise you?
   我可以冒昧向你進(jìn)一言嗎？
2. The law presumes innocence until guilt is proved.
   在罪狀未證實(shí)前，法律假定被告無(wú)罪。
3. I didn't presume to interpret it.
   我不敢對(duì)這一點(diǎn)妄加解釋。
4. A signed invoice presumes receipt of the shipment.
   經(jīng)過(guò)簽字的發(fā)票表示貨物已經(jīng)收到。

pre.sume

v.（動(dòng)詞）
pre.sumed,pre.sum.ing,pre.sumes
v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）
To take for granted as being true in the absence of proof to the contrary.
推測(cè)，假定：在沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明是相反的情況下想當(dāng)然是正確的
To give reasonable evidence for assuming; appear to prove.
認(rèn)定：為假設(shè)而給出合理的證據(jù)；似乎能證明
To venture without authority or permission; dare:
冒昧，擅自：沒(méi)有權(quán)威或沒(méi)得到允許就冒險(xiǎn)地做；冒昧：
例句：
He presumed to invite himself to dinner.
他膽敢擅自前來(lái)吃飯

v.intr.（不及物動(dòng)詞）
To act overconfidently; take liberties.
擅自行事：過(guò)分自信地行動(dòng)；擅自行事
To take unwarranted advantage of something; go beyond the proper limits:
濫用，利用：非法地利用某物；超過(guò)適當(dāng)界限：
例句：
Don`t presume on their hospitality.
不要利用他們的熱情好客

To take for granted that something is true or factual; suppose:
設(shè)想，相信：理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)定某事是真的或確鑿的；猜想：
例句：
That`s the new assistant, I presume.
我想那就是新來(lái)的助理

來(lái)源：
Middle English presumen
中古英語(yǔ) presumen
from Old French presumer
源自 古法語(yǔ) presumer
from Late Latin praesômere
源自 后期拉丁語(yǔ) praesômere
from Latin [to anticipate]
源自 拉丁語(yǔ) [預(yù)料]
prae- [pre-]
prae- [前綴，表.在…之前.]
sômere [to take] * see em-
sômere [拿，取] *參見(jiàn) em-

【引伸】
presum.edly
presum.er
n.（名詞）
<參考詞匯><同義詞>presume,presuppose,postulate,posit,assumeThese verbs signify to take something for granted or as being a fact.Topresume is to suppose that something is reasonable, justifiable, sound, or possible in the absence of proof to the contrary:
這些動(dòng)詞都表示認(rèn)為某事是理所當(dāng)然的或認(rèn)定某事是事實(shí)。Presume 是指在沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明結(jié)果是相反的情況下認(rèn)定某事是合理的，無(wú)可非議的，完美的或者是可能的：
例句：
.I presume you`re tired after the long ride. (Edith Wharton).
.長(zhǎng)途旅行后我想你肯定累了. （伊迪絲·華頓）。

例句：
We cannot presume the existence of life on other planets.
我們不能推定其他行星上沒(méi)有生物。

Presuppose can mean merely to believe or suppose in advance;it can also mean to require as an antecedent condition:
Presuppose 可僅指相信或預(yù)先假設(shè)；也可指要求有一個(gè)先決條件：
例句：
It is unrealistic to presuppose a sophisticated knowledge of harmony and counterpoint in a beginning music student.
要求一個(gè)初學(xué)的人具有和聲學(xué)和對(duì)位法方面的知識(shí)是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

例句：
The evolution of species presupposes a process of natural selection.
生物演變是以自然選則的過(guò)程為前提的。

Postulate andposit denote the assertion of the existence, reality, necessity, or truth of something, as something considered to be self-evident or axiomatic,as the basis for reasoning or argument:
Postulate 和posit 意指對(duì)某事的存在、實(shí)現(xiàn)、需求或真相的斷言， 如被認(rèn)為是自明的或公理的某事，如作為推理和辯論的根據(jù)：
例句：
.We can see individuals, but we can`t see providence; we have to postulate it. (Aldous Huxley).
.我們不得不認(rèn)為我們可以看到個(gè)體卻看不到遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)；我們必須承認(rèn)它. （阿爾道斯·赫胥黎）。

例句：
Historical linguists posit a common ancestor from which both Romance and Germanic languages descend. Toassume is to accept something as existing or being true without proof or on inconclusive grounds:
歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為羅斯語(yǔ)系和德語(yǔ)語(yǔ)系由同一種語(yǔ)言演變而來(lái)。 Assume 是指在沒(méi)有證據(jù)或不確定的情況下認(rèn)為某事是存在的或是真實(shí)的：

例句：
Why do you assume that I`m angryô
為什么你會(huì)認(rèn)為我在生氣ô

例句：
.We must never assume that which is incapable of proof. (G.H. Lewes).
.我們從不在沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明的情況下假定某事. (G·H·路易斯）