knowledge, learning, scholarship

名詞 knowledge:

1. the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
   同義詞：cognition, noesis

1. My knowledge of Japanese is rather poor.
   我的日語相當差。
2. They did it without my knowledge.
   他們是背著我做這件事的。
3. She has a detailed knowledge of this period.
   她對這段時期的情況了解地相當詳細。

knowl.edge

n.（名詞）
The state or fact of knowing.
知道：知曉的狀態(tài)或事實
Familiarity, awareness, or understanding gained through experience or study.
熟知，知覺：通過經(jīng)驗或?qū)W習而對某物的熟悉、意識或理解
The sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned.
知識：被理解、發(fā)現(xiàn)、知道的事物的總和或范圍
Learning; erudition:
學問；博學：
例句：
teachers of great knowledge.
博學的老師

Specific information about something.
消息：關于某一事物的專門的信息
Carnal knowledge.
性交

來源：
Middle English knowlech
中古英語 knowlech
knowen [to know] * see know
knowen [了解] *參見 know
-leche [n. suff]
-leche [名詞后綴]

<參考詞匯><同義詞>knowledge,information,learning,erudition,lore,scholarshipThese nouns refer to what is known,as by having been acquired through study or experience.
這些名詞都是指已經(jīng)了解的東西，比如通過學習或經(jīng)驗獲得的。
Knowledge is the broadest;it includes facts and ideas, understanding, and the totality of what is known:
Knowledge 含義最廣；它包括事實和思想觀念，對事物的理解和已知事物的總體：
例句：
.A knowledge of Greek thought and life, and of the arts in which the Greeks expressed their thought and sentiment, is essential to high culture. (Charles Eliot Norton).
.對希臘的思想和生活方式，及希臘人用以表現(xiàn)他們的思想和感情的藝術(shù)的理解，對嚴肅文化是非常重要的. （查爾斯·艾略特·諾頓）。

例句：
.Science is organized knowledge. (Herbert Spencer).
.科學是被組織起來的知識. （赫伯特·斯賓塞）。

Information is usually construed as being narrower in scope thanknowledge ; it often implies a collection of facts and data:
Information 這個詞，人們一般認為它所指的范圍要比knowledge 窄； 它經(jīng)常指事實和數(shù)據(jù)的總和：
例句：
.Obviously, a man`s judgment cannot be better than the information on which he has based it. (Arthur Hays Sulzberger).
.很顯然，一個人的判斷不可能超越作為這種判斷基礎的信息. （阿瑟·海斯·舒爾茨伯格）。

Learning usually refers to knowledge that is gained by schooling and study:
Learning 通常指通過上學和研究獲得的知識：
例句：
.Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence. (Abigail Adams).
.學問不是隨隨便便就來的，必須熱情地去追求，努力地去獲得. （艾比蓋爾·亞當斯）。

Erudition implies profound knowledge,often in a specialized area:
Erudition 暗示深奧的知識，通常用于特殊地方：
例句：
.Some have criticized his poetry as elitist, unnecessarily impervious to readers who do not share his erudition. (Elizabeth Kastor).
.有人批評他的詩是精英主義的詩歌，那些沒有他那種學識的人根本看不懂，這完全沒有必要. （伊麗莎白·卡斯特）。

Lore is usually applied to knowledge about a particular subject that is gained through tradition or anecdote:
Lore 通常用來指通過傳說和軼聞獲得的關于某一專門方面的知識：
例句：
Early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend.
古代的人通過傳說把他們知道的關于動植物的知識傳給后代。

Scholarship is the knowledge of a scholarwhose mastery of a particular area of learning is reflected in the scope, thoroughness, and quality of his or her work:
Scholarship 是指一個學者的知識，他（她）對某一專門的學術(shù)領域的理解可在他（她）著作的視野、深度和質(zhì)量中得到反映：
例句：
a book that gives ample evidence of the author`s scholarship.
一本充分顯示著者學術(shù)水平的書