argue, quarrel, debate, dispute, discuss, reason

cause, reason, excuse

think, deliberate, meditate, muse, reason, reflect, speculate

名詞 reason:

1. a rational motive for a belief or action
   同義詞：ground
2. an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
3. the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
   同義詞：understanding, intellect
4. the state of having good sense and sound judgment
   同義詞：rationality, reasonableness
5. a justification for something existing or happening
   同義詞：cause, grounds
6. a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion

動詞 reason:

1. decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion
   同義詞：reason out, conclude
2. present reasons and arguments
   同義詞：argue
3. think logically

1. It stands to reason that nobody will work without pay.
   做工作不能白做，這是明擺著的事。
2. He was excused by reason of his age.
   他因為年齡的關(guān)系而得到寬恕。
3. The detective tried to reason out how the thief had escaped.
   這個偵探反復(fù)琢磨想弄明白那個竊賊是怎樣逃跑的。
4. We have reason to believe that he was murdered.
   我們有理由相信他是被謀殺的。
5. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun.
   哥白尼論證了地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
6. She can reason very clearly.
   她能很清晰地思考。

rea.son

n.（名詞）
The basis or motive for an action, a decision, or a conviction.See Usage Note at because See Usage Note at why
原因：某個行動、決定或判決的基礎(chǔ)或動機(jī)參見 because參見 why
A declaration made to explain or justify an action, a decision, or a conviction:
理由：解釋或證明某行動、決定或判決的說明：
例句：
inquired about her reason for leaving.
詢問她離開的理由

An underlying fact or cause that provides logical sense for a premise or an occurrence:
充分理由：給一個前提或事件提供邏輯判斷力的基本事實或原因：
例句：
There is reason to believe that the accused did not commit this crime.
有充分的理由相信被告沒有犯這項罪行

The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought; intelligence.
理智，理性：進(jìn)行邏輯推理、理性思維或分析判斷的能力；智力
Good judgment; sound sense.
判斷力：良好的判斷力；可靠的理智
A normal mental state; sanity:
正常神態(tài)：正常的精神狀態(tài)；神志清楚：
例句：
He has lost his reason.
他已神志不清了

Logic A premise, usually the minor premise, of an argument.
【邏輯學(xué)】 前提：某個論證的前提，常指小前提
v.（動詞）
rea.soned,rea.son.ing,rea.sons
v.intr.（不及物動詞）
To use the faculty of reason; think logically.
推論：運(yùn)用推理判斷的能力；作邏輯思考
To talk or argue logically and persuasively.
辯論：邏輯嚴(yán)密且很有說服力地談?wù)摶蜣q論
Obsolete To engage in conversation or discussion.
【廢語】 商談：參與某個談話或討論
v.tr.（及物動詞）
To determine or conclude by logical thinking:
推斷：用邏輯思維來決定或推論：
例句：
reasoned out a solution to the problem.
分析推斷出解決這個問題的辦法

To persuade or dissuade (someone) with reasons.
說服：用理由來勸告或說服（某人）做或不做某事

<習(xí)慣用語>by reason of
Because of.
因為
in reason
With good sense or justification; reasonably.
合乎情理地：具有良好情理或證明的；合情合理地
within reason
Within the bounds of good sense or practicality.
合理地：在良好的情理和現(xiàn)實范圍之內(nèi)地
with reason
With good cause; justifiably.
正當(dāng)?shù)兀河谐渥憷碛傻兀徽?dāng)?shù)?/br>來源：
Middle English
中古英語
from Old French raison
源自 古法語 raison
from Latin ratiô ratiôn-
源自 拉丁語 ratiô ratiôn-
from ratus [past participle of] rôro [to consider, think] * see ar-
源自 ratus [] rôro的過去分詞 [考慮，思考] *參見 ar-

【引伸】
rea.soner
n.（名詞）
<參考詞匯><同義詞>reason,intuition,understanding,judgmentThese nouns refer to the intellectual faculty by means of which human beings seek or attain knowledge or truth.
這些名詞都指人類通過追求或獲取知識或真理的方式而得到的智力。
Reason is the power to think rationally and logically and to draw inferences:
Reason 是指通過理性且邏輯地思考并作出推理的能力：
例句：
.the rationalist whose reason is not sufficient to teach him those limitations of the powers of conscious reason. (Friedrich August von Hayek).
.理性主義者的理智不足以告訴他們有意識的理性力量是有一些缺陷的. （弗雷德里?！W古斯特·馮·海因克）。

例句：
.Mere reason is insufficient to convince us of its [the Christian religion`s] veracity. (David Hume).
.僅僅是理性還不足以使我們信服它的 真實性. （大衛(wèi)·休漠）。

Intuition is perception or comprehension, as of truths or facts,without the use of the rational process:
Intuition 是對諸如真理或事實的洞察力或理解力，而不牽扯理性的過程：
例句：
.Because of their age-long training in human relations—for that is what feminine intuition really is—women have a special contribution to make to any group enterprise. (Margaret Mead).
.因為她們在人際關(guān)系中多年的磨煉-而那正是女性直覺所在-女人們對任何一個群體的事業(yè)都做出了自己特殊的貢獻(xiàn). （瑪格麗特·米德）。

Understanding is the faculty by which one understands,often together with the comprehension resulting from its exercise:
Understanding 是某人理解認(rèn)知的能力，常帶有從運(yùn)用中獲得的理解力之意：
例句：
.So long as the human heart is strong and the human reason weak, Royalty will be strong because it appeals to diffused feeling, and Republics weak because they appeal to the understanding. (Walter Bagehot).
.只要是人的情感力量強(qiáng)大而理性虛弱，王權(quán)政體就會強(qiáng)大，因為它要的是散布的情感，而共和政體便會虛弱，因為它需要理解. （瓦爾特·白哲詩）。

例句：
.The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding. (Louis D. Brandeis).
.對自由最大的危險潛藏于熱情、善意但沒有良好理解力的人們的隱伏的侵蝕中. （路易斯·D·布蘭代斯）。

Judgment is the ability to assess situations or circumstances and draw sound conclusions:
Judgment 是對形勢或環(huán)境的估計并作出正確結(jié)論的能力：
例句：
.my salad days,/When I was green in judgment. (Shakespeare).
.我那青春年少的時期/那時我的判斷力還很稚嫩. （莎士比亞）。

例句：
.At twenty years of age, the will reigns;at thirty, the wit;and at forty, the judgment. (Benjamin Franklin).See also Synonyms at cause ,mind ,think
.二十歲的時候，主導(dǎo)是意志；三十歲時，是智慧；四十歲時，則是判斷力. （本杰明·富蘭克林）參見同義詞 cause,mind,think